30.06.2008

АЛ ГОР ЗА ЕКОЛОГИЧНИЯ АПОКАЛИПСИС

Публикувано в: екология — pavel @ 11:2

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Неудобната истина

автор: Ал Гор

издателство Младинска книга
раздел Екология
година на издаване 2008
ISBN 9789549715101
страници 325
тегло 770грама
размери 23×19

44.90 лв.

http://www.helikon.bg/?act=books&do=detailed&id=140835

Резюме

Глобалното затопляне, причината за което е необмисленото поведение на човека, предизвиква поредица от неприятни събития - екстремен климат, наводнения, суша, епидемии.
С помощта на повече от 900 научни изследвания Ал Гор убедително описва глобалните промени в климата, природните бедствия и какво трябва да направим, за да запазим нашата планета Земя здрава.
Затварянето на очите пред неудобните истини не означава, че те ще изчезнат. Напротив - те ще се задълбочават все повече.
„ … моята цел е да споделя с вас не само любовта си към Земята, а тревогата си за нейната съдба.
Искам да изразя и убеждението си, че това, с което се сблъскваме, не е единствено причина за тревога, но и, колкото и парадоксално да звучи, основание за надежда. Както много хора знаят, на китайски думата израз за „криза” се състои от два символа . Първият е за „опасност”, а вторият - за „благоприятна възможност.”
Кризата в климата наистина е изключително опасна. Тя всъщност е истински планетарен проблем. Вече повече от 20 години две хиляди учени от 100 страни работят в сложно и добре организирано научно сътрудничество и са достигнали до единодушното убеждение, че всички нации на Земята трябва да работят заедно за разрешаването на кризата с глобалното затопляне.”

11.06.2008

ДОМАШНИЯТ ВЪЗДУХ УБИВА

Публикувано в: екология — pavel @ 20:2

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Домашният въздух токсичен колкото автомобилните газове

http://www.monitor.bg/bulgaria/article?sid=&aid=159714&cid=20&eid=1390

Брой: 3246, Сряда, 11 Юни 2008

Въздухът в жилищата поболява повече, отколкото този край магистралите и оживените кръстовища. Той е от 4 до 6 пъти по-мръсен и 8-10 пъти по-токсичен от уличния, съобщи Таня Чомакова от Регионалната инспекция по опазване и контрол на общественото здраве в Пазарджик. Заради тази си особеност вредният въздух в последните години е родил и термина “синдром на болните сгради”. За опасността от него предупреждава и Световната здравна организация (СЗО). По нейни данни експозицията на дим в помещения, отоплявани с твърдо гориво, е на трето място в света като причина за заболявания сред бебетата и децата до 4-годишна възраст. Причините са неподходяща строителна конструкция, зле работеща или липсваща вентилация, химични и биологични замърсители, които оставят по стените различни видове бои и лакове. СЗО изтъква и опасността от органичните химикали, които са широко използвани в боите, лаковете, козметичните продукти, аерозолните спрейове, дезинфектантите, препаратите против насекоми и дори в освежителите за въздуха.
До 5 пъти по-висока е концентрацията на някои органични съединения в жилищата в сравнение с тези във въздуха край оживено кръстовище, твърдят лекари токсиколози. Специалистите са категорични, че те могат да причинят дори астма и ринити.

27.05.2008

ВНИМАНИЕ: ГАЗИРАНИ НАПИТКИ!

Публикувано в: екология — pavel @ 21:2

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Консервант в газираните напитки докарвал рак

http://paper.standartnews.com/bg/article.php?d=2008-05-27&article=233897
27.5.2008

Консервант в газираните напитки натриев бензоат (Е211) е отровен. Британската служба за контрол на храните вече разпореди махането на съставката от диетичната кола. Според изследвания на учени тя нанася значителни вреди върху клетките на живите организми, като поврежда тяхното ДНК, има връзка и с някои ракови заболявания, съобщи гръцкият вестник “Елевтерос типос”. От януари във Великобритания започна постепенното изтегляне на продуктите с вредната съставка. Възможно е Е211 да бъде премахната и в останалите газирани напитки, посочва вестникът. От гръцкото представителство на “Кока-Кола” обаче уверили, че съставката е напълно законна.
Междувременно службата за контрол на храните на Гърция е наредила на митниците в цялата страна да блокират всички пратки със слънчогледово олио, които пристигат в страната, включително и от европейски страни, съобщи радио “Скай”. След скандала с отровното украинско олио, което се продаваше по гръцките магазини, гръцките власти имат обица на ухото. Те ще проверяват автентичността на пратки и от България, допълва “Елевтерос типос”. Властите се опасяват, че е възможно да се правят опити на преопаковане на украинско олио, което да бъде върнато на гръцкия пазар през “задния вход”. В случаите, когато олиото е от Украйна и е без сертификати, пратката ще бъде връщана, а ако няма удостоверение за химичен анализ, ще остава под карантина.

09.05.2008

МОЖЕ ЛИ ДА СЕ ИЗБЕГНЕ ЕКОЛОГИЧНИЯ СТРАШЕН СЪД?

Публикувано в: екология — pavel @ 22:2

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Oil, Water, and Climate

An Introduction

Catherine Gautier

University of California, Santa Barbara

Paperback

(ISBN-13: 9780521709194)

Cambridge, Cambridge Universitry Press, May 2008, 392 pp.

£24.99

–>

Textbook

Contents

    Foreword xvii  
    Introduction 1
1   Overview 4
    Oil, Water, Climate, and Population: An Interactive System of Immense Complexity 4
    Coupled Unsustainable Use of Energy and Water Resources 5
    Role of Population and Economic Development in Oil and Water Use 5
    Effects of Energy Demand and Use on Global Warming 6
    Climate Change Can Exacerbate Water Scarcity 7
    Oil and Water Resource Issues Share Many Features 7
    Exhaustion of Easily Accessible Resources 7
    Realization of Finiteness of Resources and New Strategies 8
    Value of Efficiency Improvement 8
    Oil and Water Security Concerns 9
    Poor Management of Oil and Water Resources 9
    Aging Infrastructure and Magnitude of the Needed Investments 10
    Urgency and Window of Opportunity 10
    Major Differences in Oil and Water Resources Issues 11
    Strong Leadership Needed 12
  2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Global Warming, and Water Resources 14
    Introduction 14
    Carbon Dioxide Emissions 15
    Increasing Carbon Dioxide Concentration in the Atmosphere due to Human Activities 16
    Earth’s CO2 Concentration and Temperature 19
    Understanding the Present by Looking at the Past 19
    Relationship between Past CO2 Concentration and Temperature 19
    Earth Temperature Observations: Global Warming 20
    Temperature: Observations and Proxy Data 20
    Understanding Earth’s Temperature Maintenance and Change 22
    Earth Radiation Budget and Temperature 22
    Increased Greenhouse Effect 24
    Feedbacks 24
    Earth’s Climate 26
    Role of the Ocean on Climate 26
    Deep Ocean Circulation and Climate 27
    Main Climate Effects of Global Warming 28
    Snow, Ice Extent, Oceanic Heat Content, and Sea Level 28
    Impact on Water Cycle, Precipitation, El Niño, and Winds 30
    Future Carbon Dioxide Emissions 31
    Future Climate: Climate Models 31
    Predicted Impacts on Water Resources 33
    Conclusion 35
  3 Population, Environmental Impacts, and Climate Change 36
    Introduction 36
    Current Population Projections and Characteristics of Future Population 37
    Factors Influencing Population Predictions 40
    Fertility 42
    Mortality 43
    Migration 44
    Tools for Analyzing Demographic Changes 44
    Demographic Transition Model 44
    Population Pyramid 45
    Uncertainty of Demographic Projections 45
    Geographic and Age Distribution of Population 46
    Population Concentration in Urban Areas 46
    Population Concentration in Coastal Regions 47
    An Aging Population 50
    Development, Global Energy Use, and Demography 51
    Population, Water, and Climate Change 51
    Population Growth, Resources Use, and Vulnerability to Climate Change 52
    Per Capita Emissions Trends 53
    Other Human Impacts on the Global Carbon Balance and Greenhouse Gases 55
    Integrating Population Considerations into Climate Change Solutions 56
    Population and Emissions Limitation Agreements 56
    “Climate Refugees” 56
    Conclusion 57
  4 Carbon Cycle and the Human Impact 59
    Introduction 59
    Carbon and the Carbon Cycle 60
    Carbon Exchanges Affecting Atmospheric CO2 Concentration 65
    Exchange between Rocks and the Atmosphere 65
    Biotic Fluxes: Photosynthesis and Respiration 66
    Phytoplankton Photosynthesis 67
    Net Carbon Uptake: Carbon Sinks 70
    Land as a Carbon Sink 70
    The Ocean as a Carbon Sink 72
    Partitioning Carbon Sinks between Land and Ocean 73
    Examples of Natural and Anthropogenic Impacts on the Carbon Cycle 74
    Land-Use Change: Deforestation and Agricultural Practices 74
    CO2 Fertilization and Nutrient Deposition 75
    Fires 77
    Fossil Fuel Burning and the Carbon Cycle 78
    Coupling between the Carbon Cycle and Climate: Carbon-Climate Feedback 78
    Conclusion 79
  5 Peak Oil, Energy, Water, and Climate 81
    Introduction 81
    The Concept of Peak Oil 82
    Conventional and Unconventional Oil 84
    Reserves 85
    Why Production and Reserve Estimates Differ 87
    Consumption 88
    Estimating Peak Oil 90
    Oil Production, Distribution, and Use 93
    Energy Consumption Needed for Oil Production 93
    Water Used in Oil Production 94
    Oil Production and Greenhouse Gas Emissions 94
    Oil Transport and Water Pollution 95
    Potential Consequences of Peak Oil 95
    Peak Oil and Energy Policy Choices 95
    Peak Oil and Market Economies 96
    Peak Oil and Climate 97
    Conclusion 99
  6 Oil Consumption and CO2 Emissions from Transportation 100
    Introduction 100
    Present and Future Global Oil Consumption 101
    Oil Consumption by the Transportation Sector 103
    CO2 Emissions by the Transportation Sector 104
    Gasoline Consumption Standards 105
    Crude Oil and Gasoline Prices 109
    Private Car Ownership Trends 111
    Distillates and Oil Use by Other Transportation Vehicles 113
    Reducing CO2 Emissions from Transportation 114
    Government Regulatory Actions 114
    Raising Fuel Economy Standards 114
    Establishing Environmental Regulations 115
    Increasing Fuel Taxes 116
    Establishing Tradable Fuel Economy Credits 116
    Offering Technology Incentives 117
    Reducing Traffic Congestion and Average Annual Mileage Driven 117
    Developing Rapid and Carbon-Light Mass Transit Systems 118
    The Case of Air Transportation 118
    Marine Transportation 119
    CO2 Impacts and Related Emissions Costs 120
    The Role of the Public: Influence of Personal Behavior 120
    Conclusion 121
  7 Oil, Economy, Power, and Conflicts 123
    Introduction 123
    Oil Consumption, Economics, and Politics 123
    The Geopolitics of Oil 127
    Oil Prices and Financial Markets 127
    Petroleum-Rich Economies 130
    Oil Security 133
    China’s Geopolitical Outlook Regarding Oil 134
    Impact of Climate on Oil Production and Price 135
    Conclusion 137
  8 Energy Alternatives and Their Connection to Water and Climate 138
    Introduction 138
    Coal 140
    Natural Gas 143
    Nuclear Energy 147
    Wind Energy 151
    Solar Energy 154
    Hydrogen Cells 155
    Hydroelectric Power 159
    Biomass: Ethanol 160
    Geothermal Energy 162
    Conclusion 164
  9 The Water Cycle and Global Warming 168
    Introduction 168
    Water Cycle and the Water Budget 169
    Elements of the Water Cycle 170
    Evaporation, Condensation, and Precipitation 170
    Land Surface Hydrology 175
    Snow and Ice 177
    Water Cycle and Climate 177
    Water Vapor Greenhouse Effect 177
    Clouds and Climate 177
    Precipitation and Climate 178
    Evapotranspiration and Climate 180
    Snow/Ice and Climate 180
    Weathering Effect of Water and Climate 181
    Predicted Changes in the Water Cycle 181
    Predictive Abilities of Climate Models 181
    Changes in Water Vapor and Clouds 182
    Precipitation 183
    Evaporation 183
    Changes in the Land Water Budget 185
    Other Effects of Human Activities on the Water Cycle 186
    Conclusion 186
  10 Fresh Water Availability, Sanitation Deficit, and Water Usage: Connection to Energy and Global Warming 187
    Introduction 187
    Global Distribution of Fresh Water Availability 189
    Sanitation Deficit 189
    The Water-Sanitation Gap 189
    Lack of Sanitation: Poverty Link 191
    The Future of Sanitation 191
    Cities and Water 192
    Water Usage: Global Inequality and Irrigation Needs 194
    Global Inequality 194
    Irrigation Needs 194
    Future of Irrigation: Where Will the Water Come From? 196
    Ecosystem Needs 198
    Blue and Green Water 199
    Overview and Definition 199
    Water Returning to the Atmosphere, Green Water Needs, and Blue Water Waste 199
    Energy and Water Connection 200
    Energy Needs for Irrigation and Crops Water Delivery 200
    Energy for Water Supply, Sanitation, and Wastewater Treatment 201
    Water for Energy Generation 201
    Water Availability and Global Warming 202
    Overall Trends 202
    Managing Water in a Changing Climate 202
    Water Needs of Alternative Energy Sources 203
    Conclusion 204
  11 Rivers, Lakes, Aquifers, and Dams: Relation to Energy and Climate 205
    Introduction 205
    Surface Water 205
    Rivers and Streams 206
    Lakes 208
    Wetlands 209
    Groundwater 210
    Fresh Water Ecosystem 211
    Ecosystem Functions 211
    Human Pressures on Ecosystems 212
    Dams 213
    Major Functions of Dams 213
    Environmental Effects of Dams 214
    Dam Silting 216
    Dams and Greenhouse Gas Emissions 217
    Social Impacts 218
    Potential Effects of Global Warming on Dams, Rivers, and Lakes 218
    Conclusion 221
  12 Water Contamination, Energy, and Climate 222
    Introduction 222
    Water Pollution and Water Quality 223
    Water Contaminants 223
    Sources of Water Contamination 226
    Agriculture 226
    Fertilizer Contamination 226
    Irrigation-Induced Salinization and Waterlogging 229
    Livestock Pollution 229
    Accumulation of Agriculture Contaminants in Enclosed Basins 230
    Industrial Contamination 230
    Domestic Household Contamination 231
    Deposition from the Atmosphere 231
    Groundwater Contamination 232
    Infiltration Contamination 232
    Saltwater Intrusion 235
    Urban Water Contamination and Water Cycle Modification 235
    Water Resources Management and Waste Treatment 237
    Water Resources Management 237
    Wastewater Treatment 238
    Effects of Water Pollution on Health 241
    Changes in Precipitation Patterns and Water Contamination 242
    Conclusion 243
  13 Geopolitics of Water and the International Situation 245
    Introduction 245
    Water Rights and Water Regimes 246
    Definition of Water Rights 246
    Water Rights and Security 248
    Water Regimes 248
    Transboundary Waters 248
    Hydrological Interdependence 248
    Transboundary Water Governance Challenges 249
    International Water Rights 250
    Water Allocation 250
    International Water Laws 251
    Delimitation of International Boundaries 252
    Roots and Types of Water Conflicts 252
    Potential for Cooperation around Water Resources 253
    Water and Poverty 255
    Two-Way Relationship 255
    Public Finance, Access, and Price 255
    Conditions for Empowerment 257
    Women and Water 257
    Development and Environmental Protection: Water in the Middle 258
    UN Millennium Development Goals, Millennium Project and Water, and Others 258
    The World Bank and Water 259
    Nongovernmental Organizations 259
    World Water Forum 259
    Opposition to Large-Scale Water Initiatives 260
    Opposition to Huge Dams 260
    Privatization of Water and Water Systems 261
    Water Value, Price, and Cost 263
    Integrated Water Resource Management 265
    Water Security and Water as a Human Right 265
    Water Security 265
    Water as a Human Right 266
    Water Rights and Climate Change 267
    Conclusion 268
  14 Water Alternatives 270
    Introduction 270
    Water Saving 271
    Water Conservation and Efficiency 271
    Water Distribution Infrastructure Maintenance, Repair, and Replacement 272
    Water Productivity Increase: “More Crop per Drop” 273
    Raising Irrigation Water Efficiency and Productivity 273
    Rainwater Harvesting 274
    Water Diversions and Transfer among Basins 276
    Technological Solutions 276
    Water Trading and the Concept of Virtual Water 277
    Water Trading 277
    Virtual Water 280
    Land-Use Change for Increased Rainfed Agriculture 281
    Desalination 282
    Desalination Process and Technology 282
    Desalinated Water Production 283
    Energy Needs of Desalination 283
    Cost of Desalinated Water 284
    Environmental Impacts and Health Risks 284
    Conclusion 286
  15 Global Climate Change: Observations, Modeling, and Predictions 288
    Introduction 288
    Present Observational Evidence of Climate Change 289
    Global Temperature Changes 289
    Change in Temperature Extremes 290
    Stratospheric Cooling 290
    Polar Amplification of Anthropogenic Warming 290
    Changes in Hurricanes and Oceans 291
    Hurricanes 291
    Storage of Heat in the Oceans 292
    Ocean Salinity and Density in a Warmer Climate 293
    Changes in Sea Level 293
    Forcings, Radiative Forcing, and Climate Sensitivity 294
    Forcings 294
    Radiative Forcing 296
    Climate Sensitivity 296
    Future Climate Change 298
    Tools 298
    Predicted Changes under Various Scenarios 300
    Natural Variability and Anthropogenic Effects 302
    Climate Oscillations 303
    Monsoons 306
    Climate Inertia and Abrupt Climate Change 307
    Climate Inertia 307
    Abrupt Climate Change 307
    Conclusion 308
  16 Energy and Water Challenges and Solutions in a Changing Climate Framework: Commonality, Differences, and Connections 310
    Introduction 310
    Time Frame for Action 312
    Population 312
    Energy 313
    Water 313
    Climate 314
    The Scope of the Challenge 314
    Energy and Climate 314
    Water 316
    Electricity Production 317
    Clean Coal 317
    Natural Gas 317
    Solar and Wind Power 318
    Nuclear Power 318
    Improved Water Management 318
    Resource and Demand Management 319
    Addressing Urbanization Issues 319
    Water Treatment and Reuse 320
    Development of Indicators of Global Water Trends 320
    Common Characteristics of Solutions 320
    Efficiency and Conservation 320
    Energy Savings in the Building Sector 321
    Transport Sector Energy Savings 321
    Irrigation Water Savings 321
    Urban Water Savings 322
    Adaptation to Change 322
    Technology Breakthroughs and Research and Development (R&D) Programs 323
    Addressing Externalities 324
    Assigning a Cost to Emitting CO2 324
    Assigning a Cost to Water 324
    Respect for the Environment 325
    Reasonable Use of Resources 325
    Environmental Ethics 325
    Sustainability 326
    Addressing Needs of Future Generations 327
    Intergenerational Equity 327
    Climate Discounting across Generation versus the Precautionary Principle 328
    Empowerment and Education in Support of Poverty Eradication 329
    Education and Adaptability to Change 330
    The Security Issue 330
    Conflict versus Cooperation 331
    Massive Infrastructure and Research and Development Investments Needed 331
    Leadership and Behavior Changes 331
    Final Thoughts 335
    References 337
    Index 345
21.04.2008

БУТИЛКИТЕ ЗА МИНЕРАЛНА ВОДА СА ОТРОВНИ

Публикувано в: екология — pavel @ 8:2

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Канадски учени обявиха, че пластмасата, използвана при създаването на бутилки за вода, е опасна за човешкото здраве 20 април 2008 | 15:56 | Агенция “Фокус”

http://www.focus-news.net/?id=n937025

Отава. Канадски учени, работещи съвместно със свои американски колеги са открили, че пластмасата използвана при създаването на бутилки за вода, както и компютърни дискове, може да е опасна за човешкия организъм, предаде днес РИА Новости. По думите на експертите използваният в създаването й химикал “Бисфенол-А” е способен при различни обстоятелства да причини непоправими вреди на здравето. Пред медиите представители на министерството на здравеопазването споделиха, че заплахата е най-голяма за новородените и родилките.

15.04.2008

ДО КРАЯ НА ХХІ ВЕК НИВОТО НА ОКЕАНИТЕ ЩЕ СЕ ВДИГНЕ С 1,5 МЕТРА

Публикувано в: екология — pavel @ 23:2

Forecast for big sea level rise

By Richard Black
Environment correspondent, BBC News website, Vienna

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7349236.stm


Mother and child wading through floodwater (Getty Images)People in low-lying poor nations, such as Bangladesh, are at most risk

Sea levels could rise by up to one-and-a-half metres by the end of this century, according to a new scientific analysis.

This is substantially more than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) forecast in last year’s landmark assessment of climate science.

Sea level rise of this magnitude would have major impacts on low-lying countries such as Bangladesh.

The findings were presented at a major science conference in Vienna.

The research group is not the first to suggest that the IPCC’s forecast of an average rise in global sea levels of 28-43cm by 2100 is too conservative.

The IPCC was unable to include the contribution from “accelerated” melting of polar ice sheets as water temperatures warm because the processes involved were not yet understood.

Melt water

The new analysis comes from a UK/Finnish team which has built a computer model linking temperatures to sea levels for the last two millennia.

Iceberg (Getty Image)

Glaciers ‘flowing faster’

“For the past 2,000 years, the [global average] sea level was very stable, it only varied by about 20cm,” said Svetlana Jevrejeva from the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory (POL), near Liverpool, UK.

“But by the end of the century, we predict it will rise by between 0.8m and 1.5m.

“The rapid rise in the coming years is associated with the rapid melting of ice sheets.”

The model, she told reporters here at the European Geosciences Union (EGU) annual meeting, is able to mimic accurately sea levels reliably observed by tide gauges over the last 300 years.

There is little concrete evidence on sea levels for the thousands of years before that, explained POL’s Simon Holgate, who was not involved in the new study.

“There is some limited archaeological evidence [based on] the sill heights of fish enclosures that the Romans used, that’s probably the strongest evidence that there hasn’t been any significant change in sea level over the last 2,000 years.”

Against that, he said, the currently observed rise of about three mm per year is significant, and many scientists working in the field expect to see an acceleration.

Last year, German researcher Stefan Rahmstorf used different methodology but reached a similar conclusion to Dr Jevrejeva’s group, projecting a sea level rise of between 0.5m and 1.4m by 2100.

Space-eye view

The latest satellite data indicates that the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets are losing mass, though the much bigger East Antarctic sheet may be gaining mass.

Graphic showing sea level variations (Eumetsat)

Ebb and flow of sea level rise

A full melting of Greenland and West Antarctica would raise sea levels by many metres; but the process, if it happened, would take centuries.

“We know what’s happening today from satellite data, but trying to predict what that means in the future is very difficult science,” noted Steve Nerem from the University of Colorado, whose own research concerns global sea levels.

“There’s a lot of evidence out there that we’re going to see at least a metre of sea level rise by 2100,” he said.

“We’re seeing big changes in Greenland, we’re seeing big changes in West Antarctica, so we’re expecting this to show up in the sea level data as an increase in the rate we’ve been observing.”

However, a rise of even a metre could have major implications for low-lying countries - especially, noted Dr Holgate, those whose economies are not geared up to build sophisticated sea defence systems.

“Eighty to 90% of Bangladesh is within a metre or so of sea level,” he said, “so if you live in the Ganges delta you’re in a lot of trouble; and that’s an awful lot of people.”

Dr Jevrejeva’s projections have been submitted for publication in the scientific journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

14.03.2008

ДИМЪТ НА ДИЗЕЛОВИТЕ ДВИГАТЕЛИ УВРЕЖДА МОЗЪКА

Публикувано в: екология — pavel @ 20:2

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Според учени частиците, отделяни при работата на дизеловите двигатели, са опасни за мозъка
 
14 март 2008 | 19:59 | Агенция “Фокус”
http://www.focus-news.net/?id=n909356
 
Амстердам. Известен е ефектът на частиците, отделяни при работата на дизеловите двигатели, върху белите дробове. Според учените обаче тези частици са опасни и за мозъка. Коментар на Каролин Лашовски от РФИ: Не трябва да се диша, когато сме попаднали в задръстване зад автомобил с дизелов мотор, тъй като изключително фините частици, които вдишваме, проникват направо в мозъка ни. Учените от университета в Зюд, Холандия, показаха наскоро, че тези наночастици в саждите на дима нарушават нормалната дейност на мозъчната кора. Екипът на Пол Борм изложил десетина доброволци на действието на изгорели газове от дизелов мотор в затворена стая. След 30 минути електрическата активност на мозъците им показала признаци на стрес, които не само продължили, но и се усилили един час след спирането на вдишването на изгорелите газове. За това са заподозрени наночастиците, които са главната съставка на дима, изпускан от дизеловите двигатели и които са в много голямо количество в замърсения въздух на големите градове.